Application of PVP-I in healthcare：

The application of PVP in sterilization and disinfectants is the most successful example of its use. The unique excellent chelating ability of PVP with small molecules can form the complex polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP-I) with I2, which has been included in the United States Pharmacopeia, British Pharmacopeia, Japanese Pharmacopeia, Chinese Pharmacopeia, and Martin Pharmacopeia, and has been approved as a disinfectant for direct use in healthcare and the human body. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia includes formulations such as povidone iodine suppositories, solutions, and ointments. Polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine has become internationally recognized as an efficient, broad-spectrum, and non-toxic fungicide, with strong bactericidal power and a wide spectrum of bactericidal properties.

Mechanism of action: PVP is a hydrophilic polymer that does not have antibacterial activity itself, but due to its affinity for cell membranes, it can directly introduce iodine to the surface of bacterial cells, which is meaningful for improving the antibacterial activity of iodine. The target of iodine attack is bacterial cytoplasm and cytoplasmic membrane, which immediately kills bacteria within a few seconds. When molecules necessary for biological survival such as hydrophobic compounds, peptides, proteins, lipids, and cytosines come into contact with PVP-I, they are immediately oxidized or iodized by iodine, rendering them inactive and achieving a prolonged bactericidal effect. PVP-I    It has a killing effect on bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. In vitro experiments on common bacteria in clinical practice show that almost no bacteria cannot be killed.

Antibacterial spectrum: povidone iodine can kill various Gram positive and negative bacteria, spores, fungi, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Tetraococcus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bacillus anthracis, Candida albicans, flagellates, and Chlamydia.

Usage: Mainly used for gynecological inflammation, psoriasis skin inflammation, oral inflammation, oral ulcers, burns, scalds, various injuries, surgical procedures, pre injection skin disinfection, and disinfection of medical equipment.

Concentration and method of use: Polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine solution can be diluted with water, and the corresponding concentration can be prepared according to the disinfection object. The concentration and disinfection method are shown in the attached table：Taken from the Clinical Manual of the National Essential Medicines List

Application of PVP-I in Food and Catering Hygiene：

PVPI    Excellent sterilization and disinfection ability, as well as its physiological compatibility, demonstrate that it has no irritation or allergic reactions to the human body, making it widely used in food preservation, disinfection in the catering industry, and other fields. In some aspects, it also shows unique advantages, such as spraying the refrigerator with 0.1% PVP-I solution once a week to ensure long-term odor free inside the refrigerator. The concentration and usage methods of PVP-I in the food and catering hygiene industry are shown in the table below：

Application of PVP-I in aquaculture industry：

PVP-I    The application of PVP-I in animal husbandry has only been developed in recent years and is currently expanding its scope of use. With the further development of animal husbandry in China, PVP-I, as a sterilizing and disinfecting agent for animal husbandry, has broad prospects. PVP-I    As a broad-spectrum disinfectant, it has varying degrees of killing effect on most bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc., and is used for the prevention and treatment of diseases in fish, shellfish, shrimp, and crabs; There are also significant effects on disinfection and disease treatment in livestock and poultry farming. PVPI    The concentration and method of use in aquaculture are shown in the table below (1% povidone iodine solution)：